The role of the retinylidene Schiff base counterion in rhodopsin in determining wavelength absorbance and Schiff base pKa.
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چکیده
منابع مشابه
Glutamic acid-113 serves as the retinylidene Schiff base counterion in bovine rhodopsin.
The characteristic wavelength at which a visual pigment absorbs light is regulated by interactions between protein (opsin) and retinylidene Schiff base chromophore. By using site-directed mutagenesis, charged amino acids in bovine rhodopsin transmembrane helix C were systematically replaced. Substitution of glutamic acid-134 or arginine-135 did not affect spectral properties. However, substitut...
متن کاملVertebrate ultraviolet visual pigments: protonation of the retinylidene Schiff base and a counterion switch during photoactivation.
For visual pigments, a covalent bond between the ligand (11-cis-retinal) and receptor (opsin) is crucial to spectral tuning and photoactivation. All photoreceptors have retinal bound via a Schiff base (SB) linkage, but only UV-sensitive cone pigments have this moiety unprotonated in the dark. We investigated the dynamics of mouse UV (MUV) photoactivation, focusing on SB protonation and the func...
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از محوری ترین اثراتی که یک فیلم سینمایی ایجاد می کند دیالوگ هایی است که هنرپیش گان فیلم میگویند. به زعم یک فیلم ساز, یک شیوه متأثر نمودن مخاطب از اثر منظوره نیروی گفتارهای گوینده, مثل نیروی عاطفی, ترس آور, غم انگیز, هیجان انگیز و غیره, است. این مطالعه به بررسی این مسأله مبادرت کرده است که آیا نیروی فراگفتاری هنرپیش گان به مثابه ی اعمال گفتاری در پنج فیلم هالیوودی در نسخه های دوبله شده باز تولید...
15 صفحه اولRetinal conformation governs pKa of protonated Schiff base in rhodopsin activation.
We have explored the relationship between conformational energetics and the protonation state of the Schiff base in retinal, the covalently bound ligand responsible for activating the G protein-coupled receptor rhodopsin, using quantum chemical calculations. Guided by experimental structural determinations and large-scale molecular simulations on this system, we examined rotation about each bon...
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Sensory rhodopsin I (SRI) in Halobacterium salinarum acts as a receptor for single-quantum attractant and two-quantum repellent phototaxis, transmitting light stimuli via its bound transducer HtrI. Signal-inverting mutations in the SRI-HtrI complex reverse the single-quantum response from attractant to repellent. Fast intramolecular charge movements reported here reveal that the unphotolyzed SR...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
سال: 1991
ISSN: 0027-8424,1091-6490
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.88.8.3079